Chalukyas of Badami ( ಬಾದಾಮಿ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು )And their branches / Vassals [ಬಾದಾಮಿ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರ ಪ್ರಖ್ಯಾತ ದೊರೆ ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಪುಲಕೇಶಿಯ ಸಹೋದರ ,ಕುಬ್ಜ ವಿಷ್ಣುವರ್ಧನ I "ವಿಷಮ-ಸಿದ್ಧಿ" (ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ 624-641) ]

Kubja Vishnuvardhana I "Vishama-Siddhi" (reigned 624–641 AD) was the brother of  Badami Chalukyan king  Pulakeshin II .Copper Base Alloy coin, Obverse side : a roaring lion standing facing right with one foreleg raised, tail curled on the back, dagger in front, legend : "VishamaSiddi"(conqueror of difficulties) -(we can see the  earliest example for  evoluted brahmi script in to southern characters ie: early Kannada script "   Reverse side : a bold Srivatsa between two tridents, a linear border with serrations around the field .

The great Badami  Chalyukan king, Pulakeshi II (610–642 CE) conquered territory corresponding to the coastal districts of modern Andhra Pradesh from the Vishnukundina kingdom in 615 AD ,  and he appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana  as the governor of this newly acquired territory Vishnuvardhana ruled over a kingdom extending from Nellore toVisakhapatnam. He assumed the title of  Vishamasiddhi (conqueror of difficulties). Vishnuvardhana participated in the wars between his brother Pulakeshin II and the Pallava Narasimhavarma I and probably lost his life in battle in 641AD .We come to know from Kopparam epigraph dated in AD 631, that Pulakesin II permitted Kubja Vishnuvardhana to rule independently.  Chalukyas were originally of Kannada stock ,they continued to rule Vengi region  in Andhra  and later they came to known as " Vengi Chalukyas " they ruled (c. 624 CE) coastal Andhra as independent sovereigns for more than four and a half centuries from AD 631 to 1070.  Note: The Eastern Chalukya rulers continued minting their coins in the same fashion as their predecessors, the Vishnukundins. Coins of this ruler are to be known in two different arrangements of Brahmi legends, one with a long title 'Shri Vishama Siddhi' and another one struck at a later stage  with the shortened form of Brahmi legend 'Shri Vishama'.  Inscription credit: M Nithyananda Pai .

Imperial Rastrakutas:(ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟರು )Dantidurga(735-756 AD)

 Dantidurga (ದಂತಿದುರ್ಗ) (735-756 AD): Copper alloy coin  3.15 Grams. " Khadgavaloka"(ಖಡ್ಗವಲೋಕ ) was an epithet of Dantidurga, the founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty.  He overthrew the rule of Kirtivarman II, the Chalukya ruler of Badami, and founded the imperial dynasty that would rule over the Deccan for three centuries.Obverse: Anthromorphic Garuda standing facing, with wings outstretched . Reverse: Brahmi legend in two lines "Sri Khadga/valoka " Ref: Jantakal, History and Coinage of the Rashtrakutas,Garuda image courtesy : Gautam Jantakal .

Rastrakuta Dynasty : (8th Cent CE ) Boar standing left on a platform.

"Shri PraBhu/TaVaSha" crude legend .(Govinda II, Amoghavarsha I ,Govinda IV had this epithets ) Metal - Copper

Dhruva Dharavarsha .(ಧ್ರುವ ಧಾರವರ್ಷ) Dhruva (ruled 780–793 CE) was one of the most notable rulers of the Rashtrakuta Empire. He ascended the throne after replacing his elder brother Govinda II. 

Rastrakuta Dynasty : (8th Cent CE ) Legend -"Shri Prabhu(ta)/VaRsha(Sa)" .( Rastrakuta emperors like Govinda II, Amoghavarsha I ,Govinda IV had this epithets ) Metal -Copper ,Weight- 0.870 grams. Size -15 mm .

Brahmi Legend Niravai davala

 Imperial Rastrakutas  ,Legend "Sri Prabhu tunga" .epithet of Govinda II  ( 774-780 AD  )  .Cooper Coin .1.46 grams. ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಗೋವಿಂದನ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ 774-780) ತಾಮ್ರದ ನಾಣ್ಯ.ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ ಲಿಪಿಯಲ್ಲಿ "ಶ್ರೀ ಪ್ರಭುತುಂಗ " .ಬಿರುದು. 

Copper coin of Dhruva Dharavarsha (c.780-793 AD) Legend - "Sri Nirupama '

Silver dramma of Amoghavarsha (830-870 AD)

Chauhans of Ajmer & Delhi , 10 - 11th Century AD

Someshvara Deva.  A.D. 1169-79. Billon jital (16 mm, 3.14 g). Horseman right, with Nagari legend Sri So me(svara Deva) around / Bull seated left, with Nagari legend Asa vari Sri  Samanta Deva around. Deyell 219. Somesvara's coins are hard to find.

 Prithvi Raj Chauhan (1179–1192 AD),
  Billon Jital, Bull-Horseman type

Obverse: Horseman right, with Devanagari legend (Sri) Prithviraja Deva around

Reverse: Bull seated left, with Devanagari legend Asavari Sri Samanta Deva around .

Prithviraj Chauhan is the legendary king of Delhi and Ajmer who decisively defeated Muhammad Ghori (bin Sam) in 1191, only to be defeated and killed by the Muslim invader the following year. Prithviraj's fame as the warrior hero of the Rajputs lives on in the epic poem Prithviraj Raso composed by Chand Bardai.

Other similar specimens !

Chahada Deva of Delhi, (1172 - 1191 AD ) Chauhan dynasty ,               Billon drachm -3.40 Grams

Chahatadeva – Different writers give different periods regarding Chahatadeva. A.Cunningham says his period was 1234-1255. In the account of A.S.Smith he is said to have ruled Narwar from 1232 to 1260. Nothing much is known now in literature about him. A.S Smith says that he was defeated by Delhi ruler Balban (1266-1287) in AD.1251, when Nasir ud din Mahmud was the ruler and Balban his PrimeMinister.  Chahatadeva coins of two varieties, both with horseman obverse .

Coins of Mukhari king Anantivarman of kanauj ( 585 - 600 A.D ) Legend - "vijitavaniravanipati srivantivarma divam jayati."

Maukhari dynasty, Northern Indian rulers of the 6th century ce. Though originally feudatories of theGuptas, the Maukhari established their independence at Kannauj in the 6th century. The Maukharis ruled over most of what is now Uttar Pradesh, and had some control over Magadha (now in southern Bihar), until those areas were reconquered by the Guptas about 606.

The dynasty’s founder, Ishanavarman, ruled under the title maharajadhiraja. He was succeeded by Sarvavarman, Avantivarman, and Grahavarman.

Tomaras( Rajputs) of Delhi ,Mahipaladeva ( 1103 -1128 AD ) ರಜಪೂತರು Copper Jittal

Tomaras( Rajputs) of Delhi ,Mahipaladeva ( 1103 -1128 AD ) Copper Jittal

Mahipala-AD.1103-1128  He was a Tomara ruler of Delhi. The City of Delhi was founded by Tomars in the first half of eighth century. They were subordinates to Kanauj in the beginning and later became independent. Chauhans took over the land from them in twelfth century. In 1043, Mahipal captured Thaneswar, Nagarkot and Hansi. He is said to have contributed a lot to development of Delhi. There is an area called “Mahipalpur” near the Indira Gandhi International airport in Delhi.

Obv: seated bull to left ,above portions of nagari legend "Mahi pala".
Rev: Horserider .
 Due to using  a big die on small planchat only a small proportion of of the disign appears on the flan ,sometimes the inscription is rendered so large in proportion to the space available that only two letters are visible ..

  

Jajapella dynasty of Narwar (1223 - 33 AD) Billon Jittal

Katoch rulers of Kangra (12th-16th century AD )

A small hill state  in the present-day state of Himachal Pradesh,lying between the rivers Ravi and Sutlej existed from very early times. Katoch rulers of Kangra  perhaps issued copper coins of the bull and horseman type of Samantadeva during the early period. The earliest coins of this type bear the name of Rupachand as Sri Rupa on the horseman side. Sri Rupa and other kings were ruled on Kangra from 1400-1700 century AD.

Indian Sultanates

Madurai Sultanates

Madurai Sultanate was a short lived independent Muslim kingdom based in the city of Madurai  in Tamil Nadu, India. The sultanate was proclaimed in 1335 when the then viceroy of Madurai, Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan declared his independence from the Delhi Sultanate. Ahsan Khan and his descendants ruled Madurai and surrounding territories until 1378 when the last sultan, Ala-ud-Din Sikandar Shah fell in battle against the forces of the Vijayanagara Empire led by Kumara Kampana. In this short reign of 43 years, the Sultanate had 8 different rulers.

Sultans of Sind & Punjab

Qubacha was a slave under Muhammad bin Sam just as Iltutmash and Taj ud din Yildiz were. After the death of his master, he came to rule Sind. But when Iltutmash came to rule in Delhi, the picture took a different turn. Qubacha was in conflict with Yildiz and Iltutmash. In 1924, Jalal ud din Mingburnu inflicted a devastating defeat to Qubacha. Iltutmash used this opportunity to invade Sind in 1228. Qubacha tried to flee but failed. He either committed suicide or accidentally drowed in the Indus river. 
Nasir Al-Din Qubacha

GOLKONDA SULTANATE (AH 895-1098 , 1489-1687 AD)

The dynasty's founder, Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk, migrated to Delhi with his uncle, Allah-Quli, some of his relatives and friends in the beginning of the 16th century. Later he migrated south, to the Deccan and served the Bahmani sultan, Mohammad Shah. He conquered Golconda, after the disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom into the five Deccan sultanates. Soon after, he declared independence from the Bahmani Sultanate, took the title Qutub Shah, and thus established the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda. Abdullah Qutub Shah became king when he was just 12. He was the child of Sultan Muhammad Qutub Shah. It was during his regime when he faced Mughal invasions. The Mughal emperors raided Golconda in 1656 and the Qutb Shahi kingdom capitulated. Abdullah Qutub Shah breathed his last in 1672. Though the state was Islamic, some Hindus did rise to prominence in the Qutb Shahi state, the most important example being the ministers Madanna and Akkanna. The dynasty ruled Golconda for 171 years, until the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered the Deccan in 1687.

Malwa Sultanate, AH 794-968 / A.D 1392-1561 

Malwa become independent of the Delhi sultanate following Timur’s invasion at the end of A.D 1398. The Governor of the province at that time was Dilawar Khan Gauri. When the Delhi sultan. Mahmud bin Muhammad, fled from his capital, Delhi. Dilawar Khan gave him asylum He never assumed the royal title nor struck coin in his own name, but was independent in all but name. His son Alp Khan, impatient to take over the reigns of power, had his father poisoned and, in A.D 1405 (A.H.808) ascended the throne under the title Husam al-din Hushang Shah.

Akbar sent an army to Malwa, which defeated the last king of Malwa sultan Baz Bahadur who was forced to flee in to Gondwana. This was in A.D 1562 (A.H 969) and independent sultanate of Malwa had finally come to an end.

Jaunpur Sultanate .A.H 796-898 / A.D 1393-1493 ,Sharqi Sultans 

The Jaunpur sultanate was an independent kingdom of Northern India between 1394 CE to 1479 CE, whose rulers ruled from Jaunpur in the present day state of Uttar Pradesh. The Jaunpur sultanate was ruled by the Sharqi dynasty. The Khwajah-i-Jahan Malik Sarwar, the first ruler of the dynasty was a wazir (minister) under Sultan Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah IV Tughluq (1390 – 1394 CE). In 1394 CE, he established himself as an independent ruler of Jaunpur and extended his authority over Awadh and a large part of Ganga-Yamuna doab. The dynasty founded by him was named so because of his title Malik-us-Sharq (the ruler of the east). The most acclaimed ruler of this dynasty was Ibrahim Shah. The last ruler Hussain Shah was overthrown by Bahlul Lodi, and Jaunpur sultanate was permanently annexed to Delhi sultanate by Sikandar Lodi.

Gujarat Sultanates ( 1396 -1583 AD )

 The Gujarat Sultanate was an independent kingdom established in AD 1396 ( A.H 798 ) in Gujarat. The founder of the ruling Muzaffarid dynasty, Zafar Khan (later Muzaffar Shah I) was appointed as governor of Gujarat by Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq IV in 1391, the ruler of the principal state in north India at the time, the Delhi Sultanate. Zafar Khan defeated Farhat-ul-Mulk near Anhilwada Patan and made the city his capital. He declared himself independent in 1407. The next sultan, his grandson Ahmad Shah I founded the new capital Ahmedabad in 1411 on the banks ofSabarmati River, which he styled as Shahr-i-Mu'azzam (the great city). The prosperity of the sultanate reached its zenith during the rule of Mahmud Shah I Begada. In 1509, Portuguese wrested Diu from Gujarat sultanate following the Battle of Diu . Mughal emperor Humayun attacked Gujarat in 1535. The end of the sultanate came in 1573, when Akbar annexed Gujarat in his empire. Gujarat became a Mughal Subah. The last ruler Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan.

Muzaffar shah II , 1511- 26 AD

Muhammad Shah III

Muhmmad shah II , 1442 -51 AD .1 1/2 Tanka

Nasir ud din Mahnud shah I 1411-1442 AD, Falus 

 Shams-Ud- Din Muzaffar Shah III 1560-73 AD, Tanka -Copper- 9.5 Grm

Kashmir Sultanates (A.D 1346-1586 ,A.H 747-994 )

 IN 1346 A.D , Shah Mirza ( Shah Mir) an adventurer from Swat, became a minister to the ruling Hindu ruler Ranjan and eventually succeeded in usurping the throne around A.H 747 (A.D 1345/47) adopting the title Shams-ud-din Shah, and founded  Sultanate dynasty  in Kashmir. The first coin was found of reign of Sikandar Shah (A.H 796-816 / A.D1393-1413) He was sixth ruler of Kashmir.
The State of Kashmir annexed by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in A.H 994 (A.D 1586) from then on, Kashmir become part of the Mughal Empire .

 

 

Khandesh Sultanates

 The Faruqi dynasty was the ruling dynasty of the Khandesh sultanate from its inception in 1382 till its annexation by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1601. The founder of the dynasty, Malik Ahmad (also known as Malik Raja) participated in a rebellion against the Bahmani ruler Muhmmad Shah I in his early years. When he was compelled to flee from Deccan, he established in Thalner on the Tapti River (in present day Dhule district in Maharashtra). After receiving the grant of the fiefdoms of Thalner and Karanda (the present day Karwand, 19 km north of Thalner) from Firuz Shah Tughluq in 1370, he conquered the region around Thalner, which later became known as Khandesh (the land of the Khans)