Kushan Empire .(200 BC- 300 AD ) ಕುಶಾನರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ

Kings of Ayodhya / Kosala region ,Ayumitrasa & Satyamitrasa 200 AD, Humped-Bull type

Pallavas Of Kanchi , ( 300 - 9th c AD ) Potin coins .ಕಾಂಚಿಯ ಪಲ್ಲವರು

Pallava Dynasty was a pastoral tribe who ruled the southern parts of India for almost 550 years. Pallava dynasty conquered the region of Thondaimandalam that was located at Pallavapuri, The Pallava rulers established their kingdom on the ruins of the eastern part of the kingdom of the Satvahanas. They originally worked as officials under the Satvahana rulers, in the course of time they established themselves as local rulers. Very rapidly their kingdom spanned parts of southern Andhra Pradesh and northern Tamil Nadu. Pallavas established their capital at Kanchi (modern Kanchipuram near Chennai), which gradually became popular and famous for its temples and as center of Vedic learning . They rulled from 300 AD - 9 th century AD .

The Pallava coins were minted in lead, copper and potin .. The basic symbols in Pallava coins are bull and lion. The bull is the royal emblem of Pallavas and the emblem of Siva. Apart from bull and lion, symbols like svastika, cakra, flag, twin masted ship, elephant, crescent were also seen in Pallava coins.

 Coin of Mahendravarman I (600–630 CE) Pallava-Grantha legend above "Sakala Bhajana", in the linear circle

Maharatisa Pusavarunasa "(100 AD) Maharathis of Andhra / Telangana Region

Maharathis of Andhra / Telangana Region, Potin metal ( Copper alloy ) Wt 7.25 gm. Brahmi legend "Maharatisa Pusavarunasa "(100 AD)

Dr Shailen Bhandare has published in his thesis on" Satavahana history and coinage", a hitherto unknown Maharathi coin bearing the legend 'Maharathisa Chulavarunisa . The below coin belongs to the same maharathi family , a new ruler named 'Pusavarunasa ' which is published by Gautam Jantakal .

Vishnukundins , AD 475 -615 .

The Vishnukundins  Empire was an Indian imperial power controlling the Deccan, Kalinga in Orissa and parts of  South India .They ruled about 140 years from 475 AD to 615 AD  carving land out from the Vakataka Empire. It played an important role in the history of the Deccan during the 5th and 6th centuries AD. During their rule they have issued number of coins having lion and shank , lampstand etc. They are believed to be one of the ancestors of Pusapatis of Vizianagaram and three other clans of Kshatriya Raju community in Andhra Pradesh

By 514 AD, the Vakatakas were reduced to the areas of  present day Telangana area. The area north of the Godavari, Kalinga, became independent. The area south of the Krishna River fell to the Pallavas. The Vishnukundin reign came to an end with the conquest of the eastern Deccan by the Chalukya, Pulakesi II. Pulakesi appointed  his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as Viceroy to rule over the conquered lands. Eventually Vishnuvardhana declared his independence and started the Eastern Chalukya dynasty.

Their coins are made of peculiar alloy ,high-tin bronze (tin 20%-24.5%) with high iron (up to 11. 9%) and low lead (lead 0,11%-0.67%).

Malayaman Kingdom of South India .(1st -3 rd Century AD)

A dynasty of Chiefs With a Kallar Family Name Malayaman (MalayarKulattaraiyar) Were ruling Part of Tamilnadu  from Sangam till 3rd Century AD . Malayaman belonged to Malayaman-nadu, according to Sangam literature. They had their capital at Tirucoilur  on the Ponnaiyar river Tirucoilur was situated on the early north-south trade route and traded with the satavahana dynasty The main port was Arikamedu, in the east. There are Plenty of records pertaining to this Dynasty in Tamil Literature and South Indian Inscriptions. And the coinage of malayaman  were also found in Tamilnadu. In Sangam literature it is Mentioned Tirumudikari, a Malaiyaman king who defeated Valvil Ori, assisted Cheras in routing Athigaman, eventually killed by Chola Killivalavan. It also mentions of his son Thervann Malaiyan, a Malaiyaman chief who fought alongside Perunarkilli Chola to defeat Cheral Irumporai (Irumporai Cheras). Vastly, Cholas and Cheras controlled the destiny in times.

The Malayamans issued copper coins of rectangular  shape which bore their royal emblem, a horse (sometimes facing left, and sometimes right). In some of the early coins, the legend "Malayaman" above the horse motif decorates the coin  obverse. Most of their coins carried the symbolic map of their territory on the reverse: "A wide curved river with fishes flowing in it, and a hillock on side of the river". This depicted the territory over which they ruled. The Malayaman coins generally weighed from 2–4 gm and were thin, unlike the contemporary Chera coins.

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Half denomination