City state of Eran (c.300-200 BC) Uninscribed Punchmarked 3/4 AE karshapana - Copper 6.67 Grams ,five punch 'Elephant type'

Panchala Kingdom,Vishnumitra, Copper half karshapana, 20-10 BCE

Gupta Empire (320 to 550 AD) ಗುಪ್ತರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ

 The reign of Gupta emperors can truly be considered as the golden age of classical Indian history. Srigupta I (270-290 AD) who was perhaps a petty ruler of Magadha (modern Bihar) established Gupta dynasty with Patliputra or Patna as its capital. He was succedded by his son Ghatotkacha (290-305 AD). Ghatotkacha was succeeded by his son Chandragupta I (305-325 AD) who strengthened his kingdom by matrimonial alliance with the powerful family of Lichchavi who were rulers of Mithila. His marriage to Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi, brought an enormous power, resources and prestige. He took advantage of the situation and occupied whole of fertile Gangetic valley. Chandragupta I eventually assumed the title of Maharajadhiraja (emperor) in formal coronation
Kumaragupta ( 414-455 AD) - silver coin

Satavahana Kingdom .ಶಾತವಾಹನ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ . (230 BC - 220 AD )

 The Satavahana Kings initially ruled in the area of the rivers Krishna and Godavari. The Puranas mention 30 Satavahana Kings. Most of the Satavahana kings are known from their coins and inscriptions. This dynasty ruled from Junnar (Pune), Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra and Amaravati (Dharanikota) in Andhra Pradesh over Southern and Central India from around 230 BCE onward. Although there is some controversy about when the lineage of Satavahana kings came to an end, the most authentic estimates suggest that it lasted about 450 years, until around 220 CE. The Satavahana kings are credited for establishing peace in the country, resisting the assault of foreigners after the decline of Mauryan Empire

The Satavahanas are the first native Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni,
Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and even facial features (curly hair, long ears and strong lips). They issued mainly lead and copper coins; some of their portrait-style silver coins were struck over coins of the Western Kshatrapa kings .Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a cross with four circles at the end.

Vasisthi putra Siri Pudumavi (85-125 AD), Silver, portrait type Drachm, Obv: bust of the king to right wearing large ear rings, Brahmi legend around " Rano Vasithiputasa Siri Pudumavisa " Rev: Ujjaini symbol, sun and six arched hill with crescent above on right, wavy line below, Dravidian legend in brahmi script: around " Arahanaku Vahitti Makanaku Tiru Pulumaviku",

Silver 'portrait'-type drachm of “ Vasithiputa Siri Satakani “ (c.135-145 AD), 2.09g. Obv: Curly-haired bust of king facing right, wearing bold head ornament and ear plugs; Brahmi legend RañoVasithiputasa Siri Satakanisa around. Rev: Dynastic symbol composed of six-arched hill with crescent, modified 'Ujjain' symbol, sun, and a wavy line in centre; Southern Brahmi legend …hitti Makanaku Tiru Hatakaniku around.

Vasitiputa Siva Siri Pulumavi (152- 160 AD ) Silver portrait type drachm. Obverse : King's bust right, Brahmi legend around: " Rano Vasithiputasa Siva Siri Pudumavisa ". Reverse : Ujjain symbol and six-arched hill, river below, Dravidian legend in brahmi script: "Arahanaku Vahitti Makanaku Siva Tiru (Pulumaviku)"

Yaudheya Tribal republic of Punjab (200 BC - 400 AD.)

Yaudheya or Yaudheya Gana was an ancient tribal confederation who lived in the area between the Indus river and the Ganges river. They find mention in Pāṇini's Ashtadhyayi and Ganapatha .They were in zenith of their power from about 200 BCE to 400 CE.The Yaudheya republic had been a reasonably powerful state since the days of Alexander. (The frontier of their state was actually where Alexander turned back.) In the 3rd and 4th centuries they had a renaissance of sorts, but seem to have disappeared in the middle of the 4th century as the Guptas rose to power to their east.

Nagas of Padmavati GANAPATI NAGA ( C. 200-340 AD )

The Naga dynasty ruled parts of north-central India during the 3rd and the 4th centuries, after the decline of the Kushan Empire and before the rise of the Gupta Empire. Its capital was located at Padmavati, which is identified with modern Pawaya in Madhya Pradesh. Modern historians identify it with the family that is called Bharashiva
The various Kings of the Nagas of Narwar issued coins of 1, 1/2 and 1/4 kakini, from 5-15 mm in size and all issued in bronze. Designs were humped bull facing left, wheel peacock, trident and various other designs. The Nagas of Narwar occupied the region of Padmavati, Kantipuri, Mathura and Vidisha around the period of 200-340 CE. In this period there was substantial trade between India and Rome in spices, fabric and gold. Text used was in the Brahmi script  of an Early Prakrit language.

Sunga Empire (185 BC–75 BC )

The Sunga Empire is a Magadha dynasty that controlled North-central and Eastern India as well as parts of the northwest from around 185 to 75 BCE. It was established after the fall of the Maurya Empire. The capital of the Sungas was Pataliputra .

Sungan coinage issued between 185 to 73 BCE were copper ¼, ½ and 1 silver karshapana. The fractions were first punched then later cast and made of copper.
On the ½ karshapana were usually pictures of a three-arched hill (chaitya) below a crescent and a railed tree to the right. The other side contained an elephant to the left. Average dimensions are 16 mm with a weight of between 2.5 and 3.1 grams.
The ¼ karshapna had an image of an elephant and rider to the left, with the opposite side containing a three arched hill or mountain called a chaitya with crescent ubove. Diammeter is on average 14 mm, and a varied wight of 1.2 and 2.7 grams.
The silver Pana was a punch marked coin and is distinguishable from the type of punch involved, it was a continuation of the Mauriyan coinage.

Indo - Scythians Azes II (circa 35 - 12 BC)

Indo-Scythians is a term used to refer to Sakas (or Scythians), who migrated into Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE.
It has been claimed that ancient historians including Arrian  and Ptolemy have mentioned that the ancient Sakas ('Sakai') were basically nomads. However, Italo Ronca, in his detailed study of Ptolemy's chapter vi, marks the statement: "The land of the Sakai belongs to nomads, they have no towns but dwell in forests and caves" as spurious.
The first Saka king in India was Maues or Moga who established Saka power in Gandhara and gradually extended supremacy over north-western India. Indo-Scythian rule in India ended with the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha III in 395 CE.
The invasion of India by Scythian tribes from Central Asia, often referred to as the Indo-Scythian invasion, played a significant part in the history of South Asia as well as nearby countries. In fact, the Indo-Scythian war is just one chapter in the events triggered by the nomadic flight of Central Asians from conflict with tribes such as the Xiongnu in the 2nd century CE, which had lasting effects on Bactria, Kabul, Parthia and India as well as far-off Rome in the west.

Indo-Greek Kingdom . ಇಂಡೊ-ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ .( ಹಿಂದೂಸ್ತಾನವನ್ನು ಆಕ್ರಮಿಸಿದ ಗ್ರೀಕರು )

The Hellenistic expansion brought the Ancient Greeks in South Asia also known as Indo-Greeks. They established the Indo-Greek Kingdom covering various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent during the last two centuries BC, and was ruled by more than 30 Hellenistic kings, often in conflict with each other. The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded India early in the 2nd century BC; in this context the boundary of "India" is the Hindu Kush. The Greeks in India were eventually divided from the Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom centered in Bactria (now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan).During the two centuries of their rule, the Indo-Greek kings combined the Greek and Indian languages and symbols, as seen on their coins, and blended ancient Greek, Hindu and Buddhist religious practices, as seen in the archaeological remains of their cities and in the indications of their support of Buddhism .

Ujjain Coins ( c.150-75 BC )