Indo - Scythians Azes II (circa 35 - 12 BC)

Indo-Scythians is a term used to refer to Sakas (or Scythians), who migrated into Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE.
It has been claimed that ancient historians including Arrian  and Ptolemy have mentioned that the ancient Sakas ('Sakai') were basically nomads. However, Italo Ronca, in his detailed study of Ptolemy's chapter vi, marks the statement: "The land of the Sakai belongs to nomads, they have no towns but dwell in forests and caves" as spurious.
The first Saka king in India was Maues or Moga who established Saka power in Gandhara and gradually extended supremacy over north-western India. Indo-Scythian rule in India ended with the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha III in 395 CE.
The invasion of India by Scythian tribes from Central Asia, often referred to as the Indo-Scythian invasion, played a significant part in the history of South Asia as well as nearby countries. In fact, the Indo-Scythian war is just one chapter in the events triggered by the nomadic flight of Central Asians from conflict with tribes such as the Xiongnu in the 2nd century CE, which had lasting effects on Bactria, Kabul, Parthia and India as well as far-off Rome in the west.

Indo-Greek Kingdom . ಇಂಡೊ-ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ .( ಹಿಂದೂಸ್ತಾನವನ್ನು ಆಕ್ರಮಿಸಿದ ಗ್ರೀಕರು )

The Hellenistic expansion brought the Ancient Greeks in South Asia also known as Indo-Greeks. They established the Indo-Greek Kingdom covering various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent during the last two centuries BC, and was ruled by more than 30 Hellenistic kings, often in conflict with each other. The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded India early in the 2nd century BC; in this context the boundary of "India" is the Hindu Kush. The Greeks in India were eventually divided from the Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom centered in Bactria (now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan).During the two centuries of their rule, the Indo-Greek kings combined the Greek and Indian languages and symbols, as seen on their coins, and blended ancient Greek, Hindu and Buddhist religious practices, as seen in the archaeological remains of their cities and in the indications of their support of Buddhism .

Ujjain Coins ( c.150-75 BC )

Kuninda Kingdom Of Ancient central Himalaya . (200 BC. to 250 AD.) Silver And Copper Coin

Kaushambi, Vatsa Dynasty . 200 BC - Copper Coin 7.05 g. Lanky Bull type .

Taxila Copper Coins . Mint: Pushkalavati , 185-160 BC , . Karshapana

Kalinga Heavy 15.16g copper punch mark coin of 3rd Century BC,

Mauryan Dynasty .(321 to 185 BC ) Silver punch marked coins. ಮೌರ್ಯರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಮುದ್ರಂಕಿಥ ಬೆಳ್ಳಿ ನಾಣ್ಯಗಳು .

During the Mauryan period, punch marked coins continued to be issued in large quantities, these are a continuation of the Magadha Kingdom coinage as the ruling house of this empires established the Mauryan Empire. They contained on average 50-54 grains of silver in each coin depending on wear and 32 rattis in weight Manu smruti, and earlier coins are flatter than later coins. Punches on these coins count to 450 with the most common the sun and six-armed symbols, and various forms of geometrical patterns, circles, wheels, human figures, various animals, bows and arrows, hills and trees etc. Many are barly discernible for what they could be.The basic coin is called the Karshapana (pana) in numismatic terms but the Arthasastra stated there are at least 4 denominations of silver coins in pana, ardhapana (half pana), pada (quarter pana) and ashta-bhaga, or arshapadika (one-eighth pana). But only the Karshapana is found. There is no issues found of the other denominations even though cut coins are found.
Copper coins are known but their provinences are not. They are cast and with images of a hill or mountain, crescent moon, cross, swastika and various animals
.

Janapadas ( 600 BC- 300 BC ) Silver krashapanas

At the beginning of the sixth century BC there was no paramount power in India. It was divided into large number of independent states. According to the Buddhist text, they flourished shortly before the time of Gautama Buddha. The Janapadas issued their own coins which dates between 6th to 4th centuries BC. All the earliest Indian coins known so far are of gold, silver, copper, lead. The coins are made by punchmark technique in which one to five symbols are punched on the obverse side of the coin. The reverse side has some minute bankers mark which certifies the purity and weight of these coins